The fresh root is too irritating to be used, although a decoction may be employed with care. The dried root has laxative, cholagogue, and tonic properties. As a laxative and tonic it is very useful in conditions associated with torpidity of the liver.
Atony of liver, gallbladder and intestines, and enfeebled portal circulation; hepatitis, cholecystitis, and non-obstructive jaundice. Chronic constipation associated with liver congestion. Specific in chronic enteritis. Poor digestion and dyspepsia due to
